Last Updated on Sunday, 20 June 2010 08:25

Intelligence - Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

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What Is Intelligence?

Talking about intelligence which is in our mind is the think ability of a person in the sense that an individual has the capacity of ability to learn, reason, solve problems, and perform other higher cognitive level of tasks. Having a high intelligence which we always associate with people who have abilities such as Albert Einstein that which we call genius. While individuals who are at the other extreme we stamp as a person with low intelligence or mental retardation.
Can Intelligence Measured?

Although the expert, especially in the field of psychology has not been able to define the term intelligence appropriately, has been much effort to make the measurement of intelligence, even since the early 1900s. This stems from a school in France who wanted to create educational programs based on the intelligence of children in order to obtain optimum benefit. Alfred Binet designed the test kits that can distinguish between students who are intelligent than unintelligent. Until it created a measurement called the IQ or Intelligence Quotient.

IQ is a score that indicates the unit level of scholastic ability of a person. That is why, in general, IQ tests are limited as a tool to measure verbal ability, logical mathematical, and spatial. A number of capabilities are developed within the scope of school academically.

As a tool to measure the potential of academic intelligence, IQ is appropriate to be used to predict the success of a child's academic future. Even early on, children already can be measured a number of academic potential so that it can be determined whether or not he's ready to go to school. IQ tests are developed and commonly used today, among others; test Stanford-Binet and Wechsler.

Misconceptions about intelligence

Unfortunately, as a limited instrument only measures of scholastic ability, IQ scores are often used to excess as a guideline in predicting success, not only in schools but also in career choices, employment, and social environment in the future.

Factors Affecting Intelligence

From several studies of families, child adoption, and twin brother, confirmed that the contribution of genetic factors have on a child's intelligence. An estimated 40% - 80% of individual differences in intelligence is influenced by transcription factors or genetic factors. However, three studies also found that environmental factors also affect a person's intelligence.

The number of environmental factors that influence inter-individual differences in intelligence among others, stimulation from the environment, such as;

Parents or families who are sensitive to the ability of children who displayed
Residence or a rich environment supporting intelligence facilities
Stimulation of adequate education and training

Does intelligence stay?

Some parents have always wondered whether the relative intelligence of the future will tend to persist or change.

From some research, found an association between IQs small in infancy compared with later IQ at school age, adolescence, into adulthood. However, a recent study describes the differences is due to differences in content, or content of the IQ test itself, between IQ tests in infancy and at subsequent ages. Responses displayed a child when she was a baby; it was also linked to the response later when he was on stage of school age, to adolescents, and adults.

Can Intelligence Detected Early?

Back to the description of what is meant by intelligence, clearly, the intelligence can be detected even from the outset. Children are able to show a certain behavior since he or she was born. Certainly it is not the realm of intelligence in infants with toddlers and intelligence domains. Certainly intelligence of infants is not the same with of with intelligence of toddlers. In intelligence of infants realm is still in the stage of the development of motor and language abilities. Intelligent baby will have a motor and language skills that exceed the baby's age. While in children and infants, this ability evolved into gross motor skills, fine motor, language, until the personal skills, and social.

To detect the level of intelligence of infants and toddlers, parents need to understand the normal development of infants and toddlers so that they can be used as a benchmark or measure in determining whether a child is able to reach the stage of development, such as in his age level or not. Marcia Rosen, composing some stage of development which is considered normal, in a sense already is mastered by children at certain ages.

The responds abilities of age level

• 0-3 months only a reflex response on the stimulus display. Languages ability is only a cry.
• Started 4 months have some control over his or her body and shows the beginning of fine motor skills. He or she is starting able to respond socially with smiles and sounds.
• Starting six months learning to sit and crawl. If already have ability to control hand movements so it can hold small objects or eating cake provided. Even already have the ability to coordinate eyes and hands to reach for objects.
• 9 months has begun to use their fingers to feed themselves. Started trying to crawl and stand and trying to use simple words or syllables.
• 12 months (first year) seems a fairly rapid growth in children, and he began to show the ability to master many things.
• Year 2 starts independent, happy exploring, curious, trying various new capabilities, to communicate with words, trying to understand the causes and effects through motor skills, and mastering the process of learning in the real sense.
• Year-three children have demonstrated mastery of a lot better on a variety of tools for learning, such as language, memory, motor skills, and feelings about herself.
• Year-4th and 5th children's learning ability is much more developed that allows him to receive a formal learning process.

What kind of response to specific child, will be discussed in the talk show "Son of Measure Intelligence" in the Smart Parents Conference.

Children from the Early Developing Intelligence

By understanding the normal developmental status in infants and toddlers, parents can detect and measure the extent to which the development of his or her own abilities. When children are able to show the ability that exceeds his age, it can be said that he has a good learning capacity aka smart.

Meanwhile, if the child shows the delay, be careful, parents are expected to be more aware and careful in understanding any responses that acted by children. Please note whether the delay is only due to the unusual delay (remember every child has different milestones), lack of stimulation, or are there other factors that inhibit, such as growth disturbances.

Stimulate the intellect of children already can be done early. Parents just need to make sure how far, caring and able to appreciate each child's capabilities.

Tips for parents to be able to develop the intelligence of children from an early age;

• Make sure the child's basic needs are met
• Jelly on the child's potential and talent by serving a variety of stimuli through a variety of activities and offering facilities or infrastructure
• Disciplines trained intelligence potential child
• Giving the model the right behavior and show an interest in child activities
• Creating a loving relationship does not compare with

Once again, the potential intelligence will only be hidden when not in ability through a series of stimulation and never will be a performance without a solid exercise and discipline. Like what? Follow the interactive session talk shows how to detect and develop the intelligence of children since early in the Smart Parents Conference

Reference Books:
Papalia, Diane., Olds, Sally W., Feldman, Ruth D. 2008. Human Development. 11th Ed. USA:

McGraw-Hill.
Rosen, Marcia. 1986. Test Your Baby’s IQ. USA: Prentice Hall Press.
Solso, R Robert. 2001. Cognitive Psychology. 6th Ed. Nevada: Allyn & Bacon.
Vasta, Ross., Miller, Scott A., Ellis, Shari. 2004. Child Psychology. 4th Ed. NJ: John Wiley &   Sons, Inc.